Glossary

• A/B TestingA controlled experiment that compares two versions of a marketing element (such as an email, webpage, or advertisement) to determine which performs better. Version A is typically the control, while Version B contains a single variable change. Marketers use A/B testing to optimize conversion(...) Read More
• Account-Based MarketingA strategic marketing approach that focuses resources on a specific set of target accounts rather than casting a wide net. ABM involves creating personalized campaigns tailored to individual high-value prospects or customers, aligning sales and marketing teams to deliver coordinated messaging(...) Read More
• Activation FunctionMathematical functions used in neural networks to determine whether a neuron should be activated or not. They introduce non-linearity into the network, enabling it to learn complex patterns. Common activation functions include ReLU, sigmoid, and tanh. The choice of activation function(...) Read More
• Activity BiasA type of selection bias that occurs when systems/platforms get their training data from their most active users, rather than those less active (or inactive)
• AdvertorialContent that combines advertising and editorial material, designed to look like regular news articles while promoting a product, service, or viewpoint. Advertorials must be clearly labeled to distinguish them from independent journalism. They represent a controversial practice that can blur(...) Read More
• AI Agent Behavioral Science AI Agent Behavioral Science is the interdisciplinary study of how artificial intelligence agents perceive, decide, learn, and act—modeled or analyzed using principles from behavioral science, such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and economics. Key Concepts: (...) Read More
• AI AlignmentEnsuring AI systems act in accordance with human goals and ethical principles.
• AI AllianceThe AI Alliance is a non-profit global community of more than 180 organizations that develops, supports and advocates for open research, open-source technology, and education in AI. Its mission is to make AI open, trusted, safe and useful for all of society. For more information about the AI(...) Read More
• Aleatoric UncertaintyAlso known as statistical uncertainty, refers to unknowns that differ each time we run the same experiment. It refers to the variability in the outcome of an experiment which is due to inherently random effects.
• AlgorithmAn algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem. In AI, algorithms are used to process data, make decisions, and learn from experiences. They are crucial in enabling machines to perform tasks without explicit human instructions. Wikipedia
• Artificial General IntelligenceA hypothetical form of AI that matches or exceeds human cognitive abilities across all domains, including reasoning, learning, creativity, and problem-solving. Unlike narrow AI systems designed for specific tasks, AGI would possess human-level intelligence and adaptability. Currently, AGI(...) Read More
• Artificial IntelligenceThe simulation of human intelligence processes by machines; machines simulating human intelligence tasks like learning, reasoning, and decision-making.
• Artificial Neural Network  Artificial Neural Networks are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks in animal brains. They consist of interconnected groups of artificial neurons and process information using a connectionist approach to computation. ANNs are used for pattern recognition and(...) Read More
• arXivarXiv is a free distribution service and an open-access archive for nearly 2.4 million scholarly articles in the fields of physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics. Materials on the(...) Read More
• Attention Layer An attention layer in large language models (LLMs) is a neural network component that enables the model to focus on the most relevant parts of the input when generating or interpreting output. Key Features: Context-aware weighting: Assigns different levels of importance(...) Read More
• Attention MechanismA technique in neural networks that allows models to focus on specific parts of input data when making predictions. Attention mechanisms help models handle long sequences and identify relevant information, improving performance in tasks like machine translation and text summarization. They're(...) Read More
• AttributionThe practice of identifying and crediting sources of information in news stories. Attribution involves clearly stating who provided specific information, quotes, or data, allowing readers to evaluate the credibility and reliability of sources. Proper attribution is fundamental to(...) Read More
• Attribution ModelingThe process of determining which marketing touchpoints receive credit for conversions and sales. Attribution models help marketers understand the customer journey by assigning value to different interactions across channels and campaigns. Common models include first-touch, last-touch, linear,(...) Read More
• AutoencoderAn autoencoder is a type of artificial neural network used to learn efficient codings of unlabeled data (unsupervised learning). An autoencoder learns two functions: an encoding function that transforms the input data, and a decoding function that recreates the input data from the encoded(...) Read More
• Autonomous SystemA system capable of operating independently without human intervention, using sensors, AI algorithms, and actuators to perceive its environment and make decisions. Examples include self-driving cars, autonomous drones, and robotic systems. These systems combine various AI technologies like(...) Read More
• Autoregression Autoregression, at its core, is a statistical technique where the current value of a sequence (or "time series") is predicted based on a linear combination of its own previous values. The term "auto" refers to "self," meaning the regression is performed on the variable itself, using its(...) Read More
• BackgrounderA comprehensive article that provides context and background information on a complex issue or ongoing story. Backgrounders help readers understand the history, key players, and various perspectives surrounding a topic. They're particularly valuable for breaking news situations where(...) Read More
• BackpropagationAlgorithm for adjusting weights in neural networks using gradients; Algorithm for training neural networks by adjusting weights to minimize errors. A supervised learning algorithm used for training artificial neural networks. It involves redistributing the error term back through the network(...) Read More
• Bayesian Networks  Bayesian Networks are graphical models that represent probabilistic relationships among variables. They are used in AI for reasoning and decision-making under uncertainty by applying Bayes' theorem to update the probability of hypotheses as more evidence becomes available. Wikipedia Read More
• Algorithmic BiasSystematic error introduced by assumptions or data imbalance; Systematic errors in AI outputs due to prejudiced training data or assumptions.
• Bidirectional Encoder Representations from TransformersBidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, is a natural language processing (NLP) model developed by researchers at Google. BERT reads text bidirectionally, allowing it to better understand the context of a word based on its surrounding words. Built on the Transformer(...) Read More
• BoilerplateStandardized text that appears repeatedly in press releases or articles, such as company descriptions or standard disclaimers. While boilerplate saves time and ensures consistency, overuse can make writing appear formulaic. Journalists often need to rewrite boilerplate information to make it(...) Read More
• Botify Botify’s technology powers agentic workflows, AI-driven recommendations, and automated indexation and deployment. Brands maximize visibility wherever consumers, bots, and AI agents search, protecting and capturing revenue across all search platforms. Trusted by 500+ leading brands(...) Read More
• Bounce RateThe percentage of website visitors who leave a site after viewing only one page without taking any action. A high bounce rate may indicate that the landing page content doesn't match visitor expectations, the page loads slowly, or the user experience is poor. Bounce rate is a key metric for(...) Read More
• BylineThe line in a newspaper or magazine article that identifies the author or authors of the piece. Typically appearing at the beginning of an article, directly below the headline or lead, the byline gives credit to the journalist who wrote the story. In digital journalism, bylines often(...) Read More
• C5iMedia Contact: Megha Chaudhry Vice President – Global Head of Marketing & Alliance Management C5i O: +1 (425) 615 7474 E: megha.chaudhry@c5i.ai Read More
• CAMGConsumer Attorney Marketing Group (CAMG), a full-service advertising, marketing and public relations agency serving lawyers and law firms, Media Contact: Scott Sheff Consumer Attorney Public Relations P: 310-467-4772 E: scotts@camginc.com
• Chain of Thought PromptingA prompting technique guiding AI to reason step-by-step, enhancing accuracy in complex tasks like math and logic.
• Click-Through RateThe percentage of people who click on a specific link out of the total number who view it. CTR is calculated by dividing clicks by impressions and multiplying by 100. This metric is crucial for measuring the effectiveness of email campaigns, display advertisements, search ads, and social media(...) Read More
• Code CheckerAn AI system that reviews and validates code, identifying errors and suggesting improvements for quality assurance.
• Cognitive BiasCognitive Biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, which often affect decision-making. In AI, understanding cognitive biases is crucial for developing systems that avoid replicating these biases in automated decisions. Wikipedia
• Cognitive Computing  Cognitive Computing refers to technology platforms that simulate human thought processes in a computerized model. It involves self-learning systems that use data mining, pattern recognition, and natural language processing to mimic how the human brain works. Wikipedia Read More
• Computer VisionA field of AI that enables computers to interpret and understand visual information from images and videos. It involves techniques for image recognition, object detection, facial recognition, and scene understanding. Computer vision applications include medical imaging, autonomous vehicles,(...) Read More
• ConsilioConsilio provides eDiscovery, document review, flexible legal talent, and legal advisory & transformation consulting services. The company's AI portfolio includes Guided AI Review, Native AI Review, Aurora's AI investigation tools, and now TrueLaw's advanced narrative AI capabilities. ISOIEC(...) Read More
• Content MarketingA strategic marketing approach focused on creating and distributing valuable, relevant, and consistent content to attract and retain a clearly defined audience. Rather than directly promoting products or services, content marketing aims to educate, entertain, or inspire prospects to build(...) Read More
• Continuous Bag of WordsThe Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) model is a neural network architecture used in natural language processing to learn word embeddings, most notably implemented in the Word2Vec framework. In this model, the objective is to predict a target word based on its surrounding context words within a(...) Read More
• Conversational PromptsInputs designed to engage AI in dialogue, facilitating natural and context-aware interactions.
• Conversion RateThe percentage of visitors who complete a desired action on a website or campaign, such as making a purchase, filling out a form, or subscribing to a newsletter. Conversion rate is calculated by dividing the number of conversions by the total number of visitors and multiplying by 100. This(...) Read More
• Convolutional Neural Network  A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a type of feedforward neural network that learns features via filter (or kernel) optimization. This type of deep learning network has been applied to process and make predictions from many different types of data including text, images and(...) Read More
• Copy EditorA journalism professional responsible for reviewing and refining written content before publication. Copy editors check for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and style consistency while ensuring accuracy, clarity, and adherence to the publication's editorial standards. They verify facts,(...) Read More
• Customer Acquisition CostThe total cost of acquiring a new customer, including all sales and marketing expenses divided by the number of new customers gained in a specific period. CAC helps businesses determine the efficiency of their marketing investments and establish sustainable growth strategies. A healthy CAC(...) Read More
• Customer Lifetime ValueThe predicted net profit attributed to the entire future relationship with a customer. CLV helps businesses determine how much they can afford to spend on customer acquisition and retention. It's calculated by multiplying average purchase value by purchase frequency and customer lifespan.(...) Read More
• Customer PersonaA semi-fictional representation of an ideal customer based on market research and real data about existing customers. Personas include demographic information, behavior patterns, motivations, and goals. They help marketing teams create more targeted content, messaging, and campaigns by(...) Read More
• CutlineAnother term for a photo caption, describing what appears in an accompanying image. Cutlines should be factual, informative, and help readers understand the relevance of the photograph to the story. They typically include identification of people, places, and the circumstances under which the(...) Read More
• Data AugmentationData Augmentation involves artificially expanding the size of a training dataset by creating modified versions of images, text, or other data types. It is used in AI to improve the robustness and performance of models, especially when limited data is available.
• Data Streaming Data streaming is the continuous transmission of data in real-time or near-real-time from a source to a destination, allowing data to be processed or analyzed as it arrives. Key Characteristics: Real-time or near real-time: Unlike batch processing, which handles data in(...) Read More
• DataFrameA tabular data structure with labeled rows and columns, widely used in AI for data manipulation and analysis.
• Dataframe PipelineA structured process using dataframes to manage and transform data for AI model training and analysis.
• DatelineThe line at the beginning of a news story that indicates where and when the story was reported or written. Traditionally appearing before the lead paragraph, datelines typically include the city name in capital letters, followed by the state or country if necessary for clarity. The dateline(...) Read More
• Deep backgroundInformation provided by a source that can be used in reporting but cannot be attributed to anyone, even anonymously. This is the most restrictive form of source protection, allowing journalists to use information to inform their reporting while completely protecting the source's identity. It(...) Read More
• Deep LearningA type of ML using multi-layered neural networks to model complex data; Subset of machine learning using multi-layered neural networks for complex tasks.
• Diffusion-based text generation Diffusion-based text generation is a method that uses diffusion models, originally developed for image generation, to generate text by iteratively refining random noise into coherent sequences of words or tokens. Instead of predicting the next word in a sequence (as in traditional(...) Read More
• Diffusion Language Model Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are a new paradigm for text generation that differs significantly from traditional autoregressive language models (like many current LLMs). Here's a breakdown: Core Idea (Inspired by Image Diffusion Models): Forward Diffusion (Noising): Instead of(...) Read More
• DLM Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are a new paradigm for text generation that differs significantly from traditional autoregressive language models (like many current LLMs). Here's a breakdown: Core Idea (Inspired by Image Diffusion Models): Forward Diffusion (Noising): Instead of(...) Read More
• Digital Twin  A Digital Twin is a virtual replica of a physical object or system. In AI, digital twins are used to simulate, predict, and optimize the performance of their real-world counterparts. They are widely used in manufacturing, healthcare, and urban planning. Wikipedia Read More
• Dimensionality ReductionDimensionality Reduction is the process of reducing the number of variables in a dataset while preserving as much information as possible. Techniques like PCA and t-SNE are used to simplify data and improve computation efficiency in AI models. Wikipedia
• Document AgentAn AI tool that processes and extracts information from documents, facilitating automated data handling.
• DoubleVerify DoubleVerify (“DV”) (NYSE: DV) is a media effectiveness platform that leverages AI to drive superior outcomes for global brands. Learn more at www.doubleverify.com. Contacts Media Contact: Chris Harihar chris@crenshawcomm.com
• Dow JonesDow Jones is a global provider of news and business information, delivering content to consumers and organizations around the world across multiple formats, including print, digital, mobile and live events. It is home to leading publications and products including the flagship Wall Street(...) Read More
• EmbargoAn agreement between news sources and journalists that restricts the publication or broadcast of information until a specified date and time. Embargoes allow sources to provide information in advance while controlling when it becomes public, enabling journalists to prepare comprehensive(...) Read More
• Embedding Matrix A learned lookup table in a neural network that maps discrete tokens (like words or subwords) to continuous vector representations called embeddings. Definition: An embedding matrix is a 2D matrix of shape [vocabulary_size times embedding_dimension] where: Each row(...) Read More
• EmbeddingsEmbeddings are numerical representations of data—such as words, sentences, or images—that capture their semantic meaning in a high-dimensional vector space. They are commonly used in machine learning and natural language processing to enable algorithms to understand and process complex,(...) Read More
• Engagement RateA metric that measures the level of interaction audiences have with content, typically calculated as the percentage of followers who like, comment, share, or click on social media posts. Engagement rate indicates how well content resonates with the audience and is often more valuable than(...) Read More
• Ensemble LearningA machine learning technique that combines multiple models to create a more accurate and robust prediction system. By aggregating the outputs of several algorithms, ensemble methods often outperform individual models. Common approaches include bagging, boosting, and stacking. This technique(...) Read More
• EpochOne complete pass through the entire training dataset during model training.
• Evergreen ContentContent that remains relevant and valuable over time, not tied to specific dates or current events. Evergreen stories can be published at any time and continue to attract readers long after publication. They're particularly valuable for online publications where content can be discovered(...) Read More
• Expert SystemAn AI system that emulates the decision-making ability of human experts in specific domains. These systems use knowledge bases containing domain-specific information and inference engines to solve problems and provide recommendations. Expert systems were among the first successful AI(...) Read More
• ExplainabilityThe ability to understand and interpret model decisions; Making AI decisions understandable to humans, enhancing trust and transparency.
• Explainable AI  Explainable AI refers to AI systems designed to be transparent in their decision-making processes. XAI aims to make the workings of AI models understandable to humans, ensuring accountability and trust in AI-driven decisions. Wikipedia Read More
• Fact-CheckingThe process of verifying the accuracy of information, claims, and statements before publication or after content has been published. Fact-checking involves researching sources, cross-referencing data, consulting experts, and examining evidence to confirm or debunk claims made in news(...) Read More
• FairnessAvoiding bias and discrimination in AI outputs; Ensuring AI decisions are impartial and do not favor any group unjustly.
• Few-shot promptSupplying a few examples to help an AI model understand and perform a task, enhancing accuracy with minimal data.
• Fine-tuningAdjusting a pre-trained AI model on new data for specific tasks or domains.
• Forward Propagation Forward propagation refers to the sequential computation of outputs by applying: Linear transformations (matrix multiplication + bias) Non-linear activation functions Layer by layer, the network computes: text{output} = f(Wx + b) where: x: input vector W: weight(...) Read More
• Full FactFull Fact fights for the right information to reach the people who need it most, whether that’s individuals making decisions about their health or who to vote for; or politicians debating the future of our country. Read More
• Fuzzy Logic  Fuzzy Logic is a form of many-valued logic that deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed and exact. It is used in AI systems to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false. Wikipedia Read More
• Generative Adversarial NetworkA Generative Adversarial Network is a class of machine learning frameworks where two neural networks, a generator and a discriminator, contest with each other. GANs are used to generate new, synthetic instances of data that can pass for real data. Wikipedia
• Generative AIAI that creates new content like text, images, or music based on learned patterns.
• Generative Engine OptimizationGenerative Engine Optimization (GEO) is the process of optimizing your content and website to perform well in AI-generated search results. This involves optimizing your website so you can become visible in AI search engines such as ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Gemini, to name a few.
• Google News Initiative In 2018, Google launched the Google News Initiative to scale their work with journalists, publishers, and industry leaders in order to help build a resilient future for news around the globe. Read more
• Gradient DescentAn optimization algorithm used to minimize the error or loss function in machine learning models by iteratively adjusting model parameters. It works by calculating the gradient (slope) of the loss function and moving in the direction of steepest descent. This fundamental technique enables AI(...) Read More
• Grip and grinA type of photograph showing people shaking hands or posing together, often at ceremonial events or award presentations. While these photos serve a documentary purpose, they're sometimes criticized as uninspiring or formulaic. The term is used somewhat disparagingly to describe predictable(...) Read More
• Growth HackingA marketing technique focused on rapid experimentation across marketing channels and product development to identify the most effective ways to grow a business. Growth hacking combines analytical thinking, creativity, and social metrics to achieve growth objectives. It emphasizes low-cost,(...) Read More
• Hierarchical Clustering  Hierarchical Clustering is a method of cluster analysis that seeks to build a hierarchy of clusters. It is used in unsupervised learning to group similar data points together based on their similarity, often visualized as a dendrogram. Wikipedia Read More
• Human-in-the-LoopHuman-in-the-Loop refers to AI systems that require human intervention in the loop to function correctly. These systems often rely on human judgment to refine and improve decision-making processes.
• Hyperbolic Tangent The hyperbolic tangent (tanh) function is a non-linear activation function used in neural networks that maps real-valued inputs to the range (–1 to 1). Uses in AI: Commonly used in older recurrent neural networks (RNNs) Helps center activations around zero,(...) Read More
• Hyperparameter TuningHyperparameter Tuning is the process of optimizing the settings of a machine learning model to improve its performance. It involves choosing the best parameters that control the learning process, such as learning rate and batch size, to achieve better results.
• HyperparametersSettings that affect model training (e.g., learning rate, batch size); External configurations set before training AI models that influence model performance.
• HyperplaneA decision boundary that separates data points of different classes in the feature space. In a 2D space, the hyperplane is a line; in 3D, it’s a plane; and in higher dimensions, it’s a flat affine subspace of one dimension less than the feature space. Key Properties: The optimal(...) Read More
• IBMIBM is a leading provider of global hybrid cloud and AI, and consulting expertise. They help clients in more than 175 countries capitalize on insights from their data, streamline business processes, reduce costs and gain the competitive edge in their industries. Thousands of government and(...) Read More
• InferenceRunning a trained model to make predictions; The process of an AI model making predictions on new, unseen data.
• Influencer MarketingA marketing strategy that leverages individuals with significant social media followings or industry expertise to promote products or services to their audiences. Influencer marketing can include sponsored posts, product reviews, brand partnerships, and collaborative content creation. This(...) Read More
• Inverted PyramidA fundamental news writing structure where the most important information appears at the beginning of the story, followed by supporting details in descending order of importance. This format places the lead paragraph containing the who, what, when, where, why, and how at the top, followed(...) Read More
• ISO/IEC 42001The ISO/IEC 42001 standard offers organizations the comprehensive guidance they need to use AI responsibly and effectively, even as the technology is rapidly evolving. Designed to cover the various aspects of artificial intelligence and the different applications an organization may be(...) Read More
• Jeeva AI Jeeva AI equips sales teams with agentic AI that discovers leads, personalizes outreach, and now manages every customer conversation from invite to close. Founded by Gaurav Bhattacharya, it is backed by SaaS investors. Contacts Gaurav Bhattacharya, CEO Jeeva.ai Email-(...) Read More
• K-Means ClusteringK-Means Clustering is a popular unsupervised learning algorithm used to partition a dataset into K distinct, non-overlapping clusters. Each data point is assigned to the cluster with the nearest mean, helping to identify patterns and groupings in data. Wikipedia
• Key Performance IndicatorA measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving key business objectives. Marketing KPIs might include conversion rates, customer acquisition cost, return on ad spend, email open rates, and website traffic. KPIs help teams track progress, identify areas for(...) Read More
• Knowledge GraphA structured representation of knowledge that connects entities, concepts, and their relationships in a graph format. Knowledge graphs help AI systems understand context and relationships between different pieces of information. They're used in search engines, recommendation systems, and(...) Read More
• Knowledge RepresentationKnowledge Representation in AI involves encoding information about the world into formats that a computer system can utilize to solve complex tasks, such as diagnosing a medical condition or having a dialog in natural language.
• Language EmbeddingNumerical representation of text capturing semantic meaning, enabling AI to process and understand language contextually.
• Large Language ModelA type of transformer model trained on massive text corpora; AI models trained on vast text data to understand and generate human language.
• Learning RateA parameter that controls the size of weight updates; A hyperparameter that controls how much the model adjusts during training.
• LibelA form of defamation that involves publishing false statements that damage someone's reputation. In journalism, libel refers to written or broadcast content that is false, published to a third party, and causes harm to the subject's reputation, standing, or livelihood. Libel laws vary by(...) Read More
• LlamaIndexAn open-source framework enabling LLMs to access and query enterprise data via retrieval-augmented generation pipelines.
• Long Context ModelAn AI model capable of processing extensive inputs, enhancing understanding and coherence in complex tasks
• Loss FunctionMeasures the difference between predicted and actual outcomes; A method to measure how well a model’s predictions match actual outcomes.
• Machine LearningA subset of AI where systems learn from data to improve performance on a task. AI field where algorithms learn patterns from data to make decisions or predictions.
• Machine Translation  Machine Translation is an application of NLP where computer software is used to translate text or speech from one language to another. It involves a complex combination of linguistic, statistical, and machine learning models. Wikipedia Read More
• Marketing Qualified LeadA lead that has been deemed more likely to become a customer compared to other leads based on specific criteria and behaviors. MQLs have typically engaged with marketing content, downloaded resources, or demonstrated interest beyond initial awareness. This qualification helps sales teams(...) Read More
• Matrix Multiplication In a large language model (LLM), matrix multiplication is a core operation used to transform and combine data at nearly every layer—especially in embeddings, linear layers, and the attention mechanism. What is matrix multiplication in this context? Matrix multiplication in LLMs(...) Read More
• Movable InkMovable Ink personalizes every customer engagement through automation and artificial intelligence. Innovative brands rely on Movable Ink to maximize revenue, simplify workflow and achieve the optimal customer experience. Movable Ink serves its global client base with operations throughout(...) Read More
• Multilayer Perceptron A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is a type of artificial neural network composed of an input layer, one or more hidden layers, and an output layer. Each layer consists of neurons (nodes) that are fully connected to the neurons in the next layer. Key Features: Feedforward(...) Read More
• NarrativaNarrativa Navigator is a no-code generative AI platform that empowers organizations to automate the creation of complex, high-volume content with unmatched speed, accuracy, and consistency. It’s purpose-built to serve highly regulated industries like life sciences, as well as content-intensive(...) Read More
• Native AdvertisingA form of paid media where advertisements match the look, feel, and function of the platform on which they appear. Native ads are designed to be less intrusive than traditional display advertising by blending seamlessly with editorial content. Examples include sponsored articles, promoted(...) Read More
• Natural Language ProcessingAI that processes human language (e.g., chatbots, translation); AI enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language.
• Natural Language Understanding  Natural Language Understanding is a subfield of NLP that focuses on machine comprehension of human language. It involves the conversion of human language into a machine-readable format, allowing machines to understand and respond to user queries. Wikipedia Read More
• Neural NetworkA system of algorithms modeled after the human brain, composed of interconnected nodes (neurons); Computational models inspired by the human brain, used to recognize patterns.
• News PegThe timely element or current event that makes a story newsworthy and relevant for publication. A news peg provides the justification for why a story should be covered now rather than later, connecting broader topics to immediate events or developments. For example, a story about workplace(...) Read More
• Non-linear Activation Non-linear activation functions are essential for enabling the model to learn complex relationships between words, concepts, and context. They are used after linear transformations in multiple layers of the network to introduce non-linearity, making the model expressive and(...) Read More
• NTT DataNTT DATA is a $30+ billion global innovator of business and technology services. They serve 75% of the Fortune Global 100 Services include business and technology consulting, data and artificial intelligence, industry solutions, as well as the development, implementation and management of(...) Read More
• Off the RecordAn agreement between a journalist and source that information provided will not be published or attributed to the source in any way. When information is given off the record, journalists cannot use it in their reporting, though they may use it to guide their investigation or seek(...) Read More
• One-shot promptProviding a single example to guide an AI model’s response, useful when limited data is available.
• Organic TrafficWebsite visitors who arrive through unpaid search engine results rather than paid advertisements. Organic traffic is driven by search engine optimization efforts and indicates that content is ranking well for relevant keywords. This traffic is valuable because it represents users actively(...) Read More
• OverfittingOverfitting occurs when an AI model learns the training data too well, including its noise and outliers, leading to poor performance on new, unseen data. It is a common challenge in machine learning that is addressed through techniques such as cross-validation and regularization.
• PA MediaA diverse portfolio of specialist media companies spanning news & information, data, technology, marketing and communications. The flagship brand, PA Media, is the national news agency for the UK and Ireland. They provide customers across the media, sport, corporate, betting and public(...) Read More
• Pay-Per-ClickAn online advertising model where advertisers pay a fee each time their ad is clicked. PPC allows businesses to buy visits to their website rather than earning them organically. Search engine advertising is the most common form of PPC, where advertisers bid on keywords relevant to their target(...) Read More
• Pear VCPear invests in early-stage companies at the pre-seed and seed stages. In just under a decade, Pear has already yielded seven companies valued over $1B, three public companies, and many more legendary companies in the making. Some of the notable success stories to date include DoorDash, Gusto,(...) Read More
• Programmatic AdvertisingThe automated buying and selling of digital advertising space using software and algorithms. Programmatic advertising uses real-time bidding to purchase ad inventory across websites, mobile apps, and connected TV platforms. This approach enables precise targeting, efficient spending, and(...) Read More
• Prompt Orchestration Markup LanguageA markup language designed to bring structure, maintainability, and versatility to advanced prompt engineering for Large Language Models (LLMs). It addresses common challenges in prompt development, such as lack of structure, complex data integration, format sensitivity, and inadequate(...) Read More
• Prompt TemplatesPredefined structures guiding AI prompts to ensure consistent and effective outputs across various tasks.
• Qlik Qlik helps over 40,000 global customers turn complex data into actionable insights that drive strategic business outcomes. Its enterprise-grade AI/ML, data integration, and analytics tools enable faster, smarter decision-making. Qlik’s scalable solutions support diverse data sources,(...) Read More
• Query Fan-Out Query fan-out is an AI search system process that splits a user query into multiple sub-queries, collects information for each sub-query, then merges relevant information into a single response.
• Query PipelineA sequence of processes that refine and enhance user queries to improve search relevance and accuracy.
• Random ForestRandom Forest is an ensemble learning method used for classification and regression tasks. It constructs multiple decision trees during training and outputs the mode of their classes (classification) or mean prediction (regression) to improve accuracy and control overfitting. Wikipedia
• ReACT AgentAn AI agent combining reasoning and action, enabling dynamic decision-making based on real-time information.
• Recurrent Neural NetworkA Recurrent Neural Network is a class of neural networks designed to recognize patterns in sequences of data, such as time series or natural language. RNNs have internal memory that allows them to use information from previous inputs to influence current outputs. Wikipedia
• Reinforcement LearningLearning through trial and error, driven by rewards and penalties; Training AI agents through rewards and penalties to make sequences of decisions.
• RetargetingA digital advertising strategy that targets users who have previously visited a website or interacted with a brand but didn't complete a desired action. Retargeting uses cookies to track visitors and display relevant ads across other websites they visit. This technique helps keep brands(...) Read More
• Return on Ad SpendA marketing metric that measures the revenue generated for every dollar spent on advertising. ROAS is calculated by dividing revenue attributed to ads by the cost of those ads. This metric helps marketers evaluate the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns and optimize budget allocation(...) Read More
• SailPoint SailPoint  helps organizations seamlessly manage and secure access to applications and data at speed and scale. Their unified, intelligent, and extensible platform delivers identity-first security, helps enterprises defend against dynamic threats while driving productivity and(...) Read More
• Scale-Free NetworkA scale-free network is a network whose degree distribution follows a power law, at least asymptotically. Wikipedia
• Search Engine MarketingA form of digital marketing that involves promoting websites by increasing their visibility in search engine results pages through paid advertising. SEM typically refers to pay-per-click advertising on search engines like Google and Bing. It allows businesses to appear prominently for relevant(...) Read More
• Search Engine OptimizationThe practice of optimizing websites and content to improve their visibility and ranking in organic search engine results. SEO involves keyword research, on-page optimization, technical improvements, and link building to help search engines understand and rank content. Effective SEO drives(...) Read More
• Semantic Meaning Thee meaning or interpretation of a word, phrase, sentence, or text based on its context and relationships with other concepts. It goes beyond surface-level syntax to capture the underlying intent or idea being expressed. In Linguistics: It answers “What does this actually(...) Read More
• Semantic SimilarityA measure of how closely two pieces of text align in meaning, beyond mere word matching.
• Sentiment Analysis  Sentiment Analysis is a method of analyzing text data to determine the sentiment expressed within it, typically positive, negative, or neutral. It is widely used in social media monitoring, customer feedback analysis, and market research. Wikipedia Read More
• Sigmoid FunctionA non-linear activation function that maps any real-valued number to a value between 0 and 1, making it useful for binary classification and squashing outputs into a probability-like range.
• Snowflake Marketplace Snowflake is the platform for the AI era, making it easy for enterprises to innovate faster and get more value from data. More than 11,000 companies around the globe use Snowflake’s AI Data Cloud to build, use, and share data, apps and AI. Learn more at snowflake.com (NYSE:(...) Read More
• SuperintelligenceA hypothetical form of AI that significantly surpasses human intelligence in all areas, including scientific creativity, general wisdom, and social skills. This concept, popularized by philosopher Nick Bostrom, represents an intelligence explosion where AI systems become capable of recursive(...) Read More
• SupertabSupertab is a pay-as-you-go and subscription management platform designed to capture value from the 98% of users who will never subscribe to a website or service.
• Supervised LearningTraining a model on input-output pairs (labeled data); Machine learning using labeled datasets to train models for prediction tasks.
• SuperwiseSUPERWISE is the Enterprise AI Governance and Operations Platform purpose-built for real-world AI. With a platform-first approach, it unifies artificial intelligence operations and governance, risk, and compliance into a single, scalable foundation, enabling complex industries to deploy, run,(...) Read More
• Support Vector Machine  A supervised machine learning algorithm used for classification and regression that finds the optimal hyperplane to separate data into distinct classes. Key Characteristics:   Goal: Maximize the margin between data points of different classes. Support Vectors: The(...) Read More
• Tavant Tavant is a provider of AI-powered solutions, and digital engineering services focused on helping enterprises unlock the power of AI and accelerate digital transformation.  They specialize in complex data modernization, cloud transformation, AI-driven automation, and(...) Read More
• TechRadarThe business technology experts, offering IT insights and guidance for small-business, from buying advice to business 101. https://www.techradar.com
• Temperature In prompt engineering, the temperature parameter plays a crucial role in shaping the style, creativity, and determinism of the model’s responses. Role of Temperature in Prompt Engineering: Control Output Randomness Low temperature (e.g., 0.2–0.5): Promotes more(...) Read More
• Test DataA separate dataset used to evaluate model performance; Unseen data used to evaluate the performance of a trained AI model.
• TeyitTeyit is a fact-checking organization aiming to make critical thinking a shared value for the agents of the information ecosystem. Intending to improve the information ecosystem, Teyit, carries out fact-checking and empowerment activities in cooperation with there stakeholders.
• TF-IDFTF-IDF, or Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, is a statistical measure used in information retrieval and text mining to evaluate the importance of a word in a document relative to a collection of documents (corpus). It combines two metrics: Term Frequency (TF), which counts how often a(...) Read More
• The Insight PartnersThe Insight Partners is a one stop industry research provider of actionable intelligence. They help clients in getting solutions to their research requirements through our syndicated and consulting research services. They specialize in industries such as Semiconductor and Electronics,(...) Read More
• The International Consortium of Investigative JournalistsThe International Consortium of Investigative Journalists tells stories that punch through the noise, showing how the world really works, triggering positive change. They are driven by the belief that citizens have the right to be better informed, that access to independently-sourced facts(...) Read More
• TokenA unit of data (e.g., word, subword, or symbol) processed by AI models during training and inference.
• TrainingThe process of feeding data into a model to learn patterns; The process where an AI model learns patterns from data to make predictions.
• Training DataThe dataset used to teach an AI model.
• Transfer Learning  Transfer Learning involves taking a pre-trained model and applying it to a different but related task. It is a useful technique for saving time and resources in the development of machine learning models, especially when data is scarce. Wikipedia Read More
• TransformerA neural network architecture that revolutionized natural language processing by using attention mechanisms to process sequential data more effectively than previous approaches. Transformers form the foundation of large language models like GPT and BERT. They can process all parts of a(...) Read More
• TransparencyMaking model architecture, data, and decisions clear to users; Clarity in how AI systems make decisions, fostering trust and accountability.
• Tunable Parameters Tunable parameters in large language models (LLMs) are the learned weights that the model adjusts during training to minimize error and improve performance on language tasks. Also called trainable parameters. Include weights and biases in layers such as: Attention layers(...) Read More
• Turing TestA test proposed by Alan Turing to determine whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human. In the test, a human evaluator converses with both a machine and a human through text, and if the evaluator cannot reliably distinguish between them, the machine is(...) Read More
• Typedef Inc.Typedef enables organizations to drive new levels of analytic insight and competitive advantage from AI initiatives – moving AI projects from pilot to production faster, more efficiently, and at scale. The purpose-built, AI data infrastructure for modern workloads handles LLM-powered(...) Read More
• UnderfittingWhen an AI model is too simple to capture the underlying patterns in data.
• Unembedding MatrixAn unembedding matrix is the final learned weight matrix in a large language model (LLM) that maps the model’s output vectors back into vocabulary token probabilities.
• United RobotsHas created a Content-as-a-Service product based on data science, AI and NLG (Natural Language Generation). A giant content factory, delivering thousands of pieces of automated texts, images, graphics, maps, metadata and more to our clients every single day. Read More
• Unsupervised LearningUnsupervised Learning is a type of machine learning that looks for patterns in a dataset without pre-existing labels. It is used to discover underlying structures, groupings, and relationships within data.
• User-Generated ContentContent created by users or customers rather than brands themselves, including reviews, social media posts, photos, videos, and testimonials. UGC is valuable because it provides authentic social proof and builds trust with potential customers. Brands often encourage and curate UGC to enhance(...) Read More
• Validated Insights Validated Insights is an agile marketing agency specializing in helping higher education institutions . They have a comprehensive suite of services, including digital marketing, paid search, paid social, and web strategy. The agency's agile testing approach enables short- and long-term(...) Read More
• Validation DataDataset used to tune model parameters and prevent overfitting during training.
• VarianceSensitivity to training data changes; can lead to instability; Measure of a model’s sensitivity to fluctuations in the training dataset.
• Vector DatabaseA specialized system storing high-dimensional vectors, allowing efficient similarity searches in AI applications.
• VerissimoVerissimo is a Pre-seed and Seed stage venture fund investing in Israel, the US and Europe. Focus areas include: Vertical Software - logistics, education, healthcare, engineering, manufacturing, finance, automotive, etc. Operational Software - office of the CFO, CRO and COO software(...) Read More
• Viral MarketingA marketing strategy that encourages individuals to share marketing messages with others, creating exponential growth in the message's visibility and effect. Viral marketing relies on creating compelling, shareable content that resonates emotionally with audiences. While viral success can't be(...) Read More
• Wolters KluwerWolters Kluwer (EURONEXT: WKL) is a global leader in information, software solutions, and services for professionals in healthcare, tax and accounting, financial and corporate compliance, legal and regulatory, corporate performance, and ESG. They help customers make critical decisions every(...) Read More
• Word VectorA numerical representation of a word in a multi-dimensional space, capturing its meaning, context, and relationships to other words. It’s typically expressed as a dense, fixed-size array of real numbers. Key Characteristics: Also known as a word embedding Encodes semantic and(...) Read More
• Word2VecWord2Vec is a natural language processing (NLP) technique developed by researchers at Google for learning word embeddings, which are dense vector representations of words in a continuous vector space. Word2Vec uses shallow neural networks to capture semantic and syntactic relationships between(...) Read More
• Zoho With 55+ apps in nearly every major business category, Zoho Corporation is one of the world's most prolific technology companies. Headquartered in Austin, Texas, with international headquarters in Chennai, India, Zoho is privately held and profitable with more than 18,000 employees. For(...) Read More